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python开发的小球完全弹性碰撞游戏代码

2014-10-23

需要安装的环境:apt-get install python-pygameapt-get install python-tk这篇文章主要介绍了通过python开发的一个小球完全弹性碰撞游戏效果,特分享下完成这个小球的完全弹性碰撞游戏灵感来自于:下面是我花了一周下班时间所编写的一个小球完全弹性碰撞游戏:游戏初始化状态:最下面的游标和修改小球的移动速度源码部分:#!/usr/bin/python2.6

-- coding: utf-8 --

#python tkinter #python version 3.3.2 from Tkinter import * ‘’’ 判断 两个小球 { 圆心:A(x1,y1) 半径:r X轴速度:Vax Y轴速度:Vay 圆心:B(x2,y2) 半径:R X轴速度:Vbx Y轴速度:Vby } 碰撞的条件是: 1.两个小球的圆心距离不大于两小球半径之和(r+R),即: { (x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2 <= (r + R)^2 } 2.小球碰撞后,两小球的数度交换,即: { tempVax = Vax tempVay = Vay Vax = Vbx Vay = Vby Vbx = tempVax Vby = tempVay 或: Vax = Vax + Vbx Vbx = Vax - Vbx Vax = Vax - Vbx Vay = Vay + Vby Vby = Vay - Vby Vay = Vay - Vby } 游戏规则: 五小球在画布中移动,他们之间会产生碰撞,当然小球和上下左右都会产生碰撞 碰撞后,小球会改变方向返回 而最下面的游标则用于调节小球的移动速度,游标的范围是[-100, 100] 缺陷或BUG: 1.在修改游标数据从而改变小球移动速度的时候,小球移动的距离得不到及时的更新 导致小球可能会逃离画布 2.小球在运动的过程中,有时候也有可能逃离画布 总结: 完成这个游戏,花了一个星期的下班时间。在这个过程中不仅回去学习了高中的数学知识, 物理知识,很多东西都忘得差不多了,不过很快又学返回来了。 游戏其实很多就是数学问题。 游戏中还存在缺陷或BUG,希望志同道合者可以共同完善。 修改记录: 1.调整画布大小 2.调整了小球的半径,以及小球的速度初始值,小球初始圆心坐标 3.游标的范围修改为:[-200, 200] 这些修改主要是针对上面的缺陷而进行的。 优点: 1.小球移动的过程更直观 2.小球的移动速度变小,但是可以根据游标来修改小球移动速度 3.界面比之前更加友好 ‘’’ author = {‘author’ : ‘Hongten’, ‘Email’ : ‘hongtenzone@foxmail.com’, ‘Blog’ : ‘http://www.cnblogs.com/hongten/’, ‘Created’ : ‘2013-09-28’, ‘Version’ : ‘1.1’} class Pong(Frame): def createWidgets(self): #放缩率 self.scaling = 100.0 #画布比例 self.canvas_width = 10 self.canvas_height = 5.6 ## 画布 self.draw = Canvas(self, width=(self.canvas_width * self.scaling), height=(self.canvas_height * self.scaling), bg=’white’) ## 游标(控制小球移动速度,范围:[-100, 100]) self.speed = Scale(self, orient=HORIZONTAL, label=”ball speed”, from_=-200, to=200) self.speed.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X) #小球直径 self.ball_d = 1.0 #小球碰撞墙壁的范围 self.scaling_left = round(self.ball_d / 2, 1) self.scaling_right = self.canvas_width - self.scaling_left self.scaling_bottom = self.canvas_height - self.scaling_left self.scaling_top = self.scaling_left #游标度数 self.scale_value = self.speed.get() * 0.1 #存放小球数组 self.balls = [] #存放小球x坐标数组 self.ball_x = [] #存放小球y坐标数组 self.ball_y = [] #存放小球x轴方向速度数组 self.ball_v_x = [] #存放小球y轴方向速度数组 self.ball_v_y = [] # 五个小球 self.ball = self.draw.create_oval(“0.60i”, “0.60i”, “1.60i”, “1.60i”, fill=”red”) self.second_ball = self.draw.create_oval(“2.0i”, “2.0i”, “3.0i”, “3.0i”, fill=’black’) self.three_ball = self.draw.create_oval(“4.0i”, “4.0i”, “5.0i”, “5.0i”, fill=’brown’) self.four_ball = self.draw.create_oval(“6.0i”, “2.0i”, “7.0i”, “3.0i”, fill=’green’) self.five_ball = self.draw.create_oval(“8.0i”, “3.0i”, “9.0i”, “4.0i”, fill=’gray’) #把五个小球放入数组 self.balls.append(self.ball) self.balls.append(self.second_ball) self.balls.append(self.three_ball) self.balls.append(self.four_ball) self.balls.append(self.five_ball) #第一个小球,即self.ball的圆心坐标(self.x, self.y),这里进行了放缩,目的是为了 #在小球移动的过程中更加流畅 self.x = 1.1
self.y = 1.1 #第一个小球的速度方向 self.velocity_x = -0.2 self.velocity_y = 0.1 self.second_ball_x = 2.5 self.second_ball_y = 2.5 self.second_ball_v_x = 0.1 self.second_ball_v_y = -0.2 self.three_ball_x = 4.5 self.three_ball_y = 4.5 self.three_ball_v_x = -0.1 self.three_ball_v_y = -0.2 self.four_ball_x = 6.5 self.four_ball_y = 2.5 self.four_ball_v_x = 0.1 self.four_ball_v_y = -0.2 self.five_ball_x = 8.5 self.five_ball_y = 3.5 self.five_ball_v_x = 0.1 self.five_ball_v_y = 0.2

    #更新小球的坐标
    self.update_ball_x_y()
    self.draw.pack(side=LEFT)
def update_ball_x_y(self, *args):
    '''更新小球的坐标,即把各个小球的圆心坐标信息以及速度信息存放到数组中,
       便于在后面循环遍历的时候使用。'''
    #第一个小球信息
    self.ball_x.append(self.x)
    self.ball_y.append(self.y)
    self.ball_v_x.append(self.velocity_x)
    self.ball_v_y.append(self.velocity_y)
    self.ball_x.append(self.second_ball_x)
    self.ball_y.append(self.second_ball_y)
    self.ball_v_x.append(self.second_ball_v_x)
    self.ball_v_y.append(self.second_ball_v_y)
    self.ball_x.append(self.three_ball_x)
    self.ball_y.append(self.three_ball_y)
    self.ball_v_x.append(self.three_ball_v_x)
    self.ball_v_y.append(self.three_ball_v_y)
    self.ball_x.append(self.four_ball_x)
    self.ball_y.append(self.four_ball_y)
    self.ball_v_x.append(self.four_ball_v_x)
    self.ball_v_y.append(self.four_ball_v_y)
    self.ball_x.append(self.five_ball_x)
    self.ball_y.append(self.five_ball_y)
    self.ball_v_x.append(self.five_ball_v_x)
    self.ball_v_y.append(self.five_ball_v_y)
def update_ball_velocity(self, index, *args):
    '''更新各个小球速度信息,即小球碰撞到四周和另外的小球索要更新的速度信息'''
    #游标值
    self.scale_value = self.speed.get() * 0.1
    #碰撞墙壁
    if (self.ball_x[index] > self.scaling_right) or (self.ball_x[index] < self.scaling_left):
        self.ball_v_x[index] = -1.0 * self.ball_v_x[index]
    if (self.ball_y[index] > self.scaling_bottom) or (self.ball_y[index] < self.scaling_top):
        self.ball_v_y[index] = -1.0 *  self.ball_v_y[index]
    '''
    #TEST:
    for n in range(len(self.balls)):
        #print((self.ball_x[index] - self.ball_x[n])**2)
        #print(round((self.ball_x[index] - self.ball_x[n])**2 + (self.ball_y[index] - self.ball_y[n])**2, 2))
        print(round((self.ball_x[index] - self.ball_x[n])**2 + (self.ball_y[index] - self.ball_y[n])**2, 2) <= round(self.ball_d**2, 2))
    '''
    for n in range(len(self.balls)):
        #小球碰撞条件,即:(x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2 <= (r + R)^2
        if (round((self.ball_x[index] - self.ball_x[n])**2 + (self.ball_y[index] - self.ball_y[n])**2, 2) <= round(self.ball_d**2, 2)):
            #两小球速度交换
            temp_vx = self.ball_v_x[index]
            temp_vy = self.ball_v_y[index]
            self.ball_v_x[index] = self.ball_v_x[n]
            self.ball_v_y[index] = self.ball_v_y[n]
            self.ball_v_x[n] = temp_vx
            self.ball_v_y[n] = temp_vy
    #print(self.ball_v_x, self.ball_v_y)
    '''
    #WRONG:
    for n in range(len(self.balls)):            
        if (((self.ball_x[index] - self.ball_x[n])**2 + (self.ball_y[index] - self.ball_y[n])**2) <= self.ball_d**2):
            #两小球速度交换
            self.ball_v_x[index] = self.ball_v_x[index] + self.ball_v_x[n]
            self.ball_v_x[n] = self.ball_v_x[0] - self.ball_v_x[n]
            self.ball_v_x[index] = self.ball_v_x[index] - self.ball_v_x[n]
            self.ball_v_y[index] = self.ball_v_y[index] + self.ball_v_y[n]
            self.ball_v_y[n] = self.ball_v_y[index] - self.ball_v_y[n]
            self.ball_v_y[index] = self.ball_v_y[index] - self.ball_v_y[n]
    print(self.ball_v_x, self.ball_v_y)
    '''
def get_ball_deltax(self, index, *args):
    '''获取小球X轴坐标移动距离并且更新小球的圆心X坐标,返回X轴所需移动距离'''
    deltax = (self.ball_v_x[index] * self.scale_value / self.scaling)
    self.ball_x[index] = self.ball_x[index] + deltax
    return deltax
def get_ball_deltay(self, index, *args):
    '''获取小球Y轴坐标移动距离并且更新小球的圆心Y坐标,返回Y轴所需移动距离'''
    deltay = (self.ball_v_y[index] * self.scale_value / self.scaling)
    self.ball_y[index] = self.ball_y[index] + deltay
    return deltay
def moveBall(self, *args):
    '''移动第一个小球,编号为:0,这是根据数组:self.balls确定的。'''
    self.update_ball_velocity(0)       
    deltax = self.get_ball_deltax(0)
    deltay = self.get_ball_deltay(0)
    #小球移动
    self.draw.move(self.ball,  "%ri" % deltax, "%ri" % deltay)
    self.after(10, self.moveBall)
def move_second_ball(self, *args):
    self.update_ball_velocity(1)       
    deltax = self.get_ball_deltax(1)
    deltay = self.get_ball_deltay(1)        
    self.draw.move(self.second_ball,  "%ri" % deltax, "%ri" % deltay)
    self.after(10, self.move_second_ball)
def move_three_ball(self, *args):
    self.update_ball_velocity(2)       
    deltax = self.get_ball_deltax(2)
    deltay = self.get_ball_deltay(2)
    self.draw.move(self.three_ball,  "%ri" % deltax, "%ri" % deltay)
    self.after(10, self.move_three_ball)
def move_four_ball(self, *args):
    self.update_ball_velocity(3)       
    deltax = self.get_ball_deltax(3)
    deltay = self.get_ball_deltay(3)
    self.draw.move(self.four_ball,  "%ri" % deltax, "%ri" % deltay)
    self.after(10, self.move_four_ball)
def move_five_ball(self, *args):
    self.update_ball_velocity(4)       
    deltax = self.get_ball_deltax(4)
    deltay = self.get_ball_deltay(4)
    self.draw.move(self.five_ball,  "%ri" % deltax, "%ri" % deltay)
    self.after(10, self.move_five_ball)
        
def __init__(self, master=None):
    '''初始化函数'''
    Frame.__init__(self, master)
    Pack.config(self)
    self.createWidgets()
    self.after(10, self.moveBall)
    self.after(10, self.move_three_ball)
    self.after(10, self.move_four_ball)
    self.after(10, self.move_five_ball)
    self.after(10, self.move_second_ball) game = Pong() game.mainloop()

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